Algunos artículos de interés

lunes, enero 30, 2006

Menudo día...

Bufff, con sólo 5 horitas de sueño en mi haber hoy ha sido un lunes muy laaaargo y cansado (obviamente la nieve no ha impedido el madrugón).

Nada más llegar al curro saco el tupperware de la mochila y me encuentro que la comida se ha salido del mismo. Menos mal que soy una persona algo metódica y maniática y llevo todo envuelto y más que envuelto. Así que nada, aparte de quedarme sin comida y tener que fregar el maldit... tupperware la cosa no ha llegado a mayores.

En el curro he estado todo el día mostrando a mi nuevo compañero Ivan las exquisiteces del proyecto de Brasil. Todavía nos espera un largo mes de puesta a punto del proyecto, trámites burocráticos para conseguir el visado, etc...

Aparte de eso, poco más. Nos hemos intoxicado un poquito los unos a los otros en la hora de la comida, y ahora estoy en casita pensando ya en las sábanas blancas.

Sugerencia cultural de la semana: Libros
Hyperion (ISBN: 8466617353 | 624 páginas | Bolsillo)
La caida de Hyperion (ISBN: 8466617442 | 731 páginas | Bolsillo)

del autor Dan Simmons

La primera novela fue premio Hugo en 1990. La segunda novela es la continuación.

Y hablando de premios Hugo, en las páginas web que os presento a continuación vienen muy bien definidos y listados los premios Hugo y Nebula:

Los Science Fiction Achievement Awards, popularmente conocidos como Premios Hugo, los concede desde 1953 la World Science Fiction Society (WSFS). La Convención se celebra entre agosto y septiembre, y se eligen para los premios todos los titulos publicados el año anterior. Las categorias son mejor novela, novela corta, relato y relato corto. Se llaman Hugo en honor a Hugo Gernsback, importante figura de la ciencia ficción que fue invitado de honor en la primera convencion en la que se otorgaron.
REFERENCIA: http://www.epdlp.com/premios.php?premio=Hugo

"Los Premios Nebula los concede desde 1965 la Asociación de Escritores de Ciencia Ficción de América ( SFWA ), y está considerado el Nobel de la ciencia ficción. Los miembros de la asociación proponen a los cinco candidatos publicados en el año anterior en cada categoria por carta, pudiendo añadir un sexto los organizadores, y estas propuestas son las que confeccionan la lista final que será votada por todos los miembros. El resultado se hace público en el banquete anual que celebra la SFWA. Los Premios Nebula a diferencia de los Premios Hugo, premia la calidad literaria. Se premia la mejor novela del año anterior."
REFERENCIA: http://www.epdlp.com/premios.php?premio=Nebula

Bueno, habrá que disfrutar de los libros mencionados, ¿no?

Buenas noches.

Chimo.

Noche en el Vips

Vaya nochecita en el Vips...
Para empezar nos atiende una camarera borde que no se le ocurre otra cosa que saludarnos con un "o decidiis rapidito o me largo que tengo mucho trabajo".  Para quedarse de cuadros...
Y luego además se pone a nevar en pleno Majadahonda. Ha nevado tanto que me han dado ganas de sacar una foto. Bueno, un madrileño dice que en Madrid ha nevado mucho cuando el suelo se ve ligeramente blanco. Porque normalmente es que ni cuaja la nieve...así que lo de esta noche ha sido una gran nevada teniendo en cuenta lo que estamos acostumbrados a ver...lástima que no sea para tanto, porque mañana es lunes y ya me gustaría a mí quedarme calentito en la cama mientras fuera la nieve colapsa las carreteras...
Aparte de eso, el trio calatraba (esto es, Sergio Ignacio y yo) hemos podido disfrutar de la admirable compañía de Adriana y Maria (Ortiz Lucas).
Adriana esperando la contestación para una beca en el departamento de RRHH de Telefónica y estudiando su psicopedagogía y María preparando casi ella solita un congreso sobre Medicina Natural (en Zaragoza, por supuesto).

Jornada 21: El Real Madrid gana en Balaidos ante el Celta (1-2), con goles de Robinho y Cicinho. A ver si cuando vaya a Brasil puedo ver a alguna futura estrella del fútbol español jugando en la liga brasileña...

domingo, enero 29, 2006

Nueva estructura de la web

A cualquiera que haya visitado mi web www.chimo.es hace poco le resultará extraño la nueva página principal.
En vez de la página de presentación (que siempre podéis encontrar en el menú izquierdo en la sección Inicio),
ahora nos encontramos con mi blog personal.
Es la forma más cómoda que tengo de escribir mensajes e historias en la web, y que todo el mundo pueda verlas a la primera...
Me cambia totalmente la estructura y el diseño de la web, pero que le voy a hacer...

Y nada más, sólo decir que se pueden hacer comentarios a cualquiera de los artículos que haya publicados.

Saludos domingueros,

Chimo.

¿Cómo hacer que cualquier usuario (no root) pueda montar y desmontar los CDs?

¿Cómo hacer que cualquier usuario (no root) pueda montar y desmontar los CDs?

Prácticamente todos los comandos mount soportan la opción users. Introduciendo una línea como la que sigue en el fichero /etc/fstab:

/dev/sbpcd /mnt/cdrom iso9660 users,noauto,ro

...cualquier usuario podrá montar y desmontar la unidad, de la siguiente manera:

mount /mnt/cdrom
umount /mnt/cdrom

El disco, por razones de seguridad, será montado con algunas limitaciones (p.e. los programas no podrán ser ejecutados, los archivos de dispositivo se ignorarán...); esto puede resultar demasiado restrictivo en algunos casos.

Otra opción es conseguir el paquete usermount, que habilita para los usuarios normales el montado y desmontado de dispositivos extraíbles, tales como discos y CDROM, pero que restringe el acceso a otros (como las particiones del disco duro). Se puede encontrar en casi todas las fuentes de descarga de archivos.

Una última opción, más obvia, sería usar el comando sudo para obtener los privilegios de root de forma temporal.

Añadir un directorio al path de linux

Añadir un directorio al Path de linux:

La variable $PATH es una lista de todos los directorios en los cuales Linux buscará los comandos, scripts y programas que ejecutamos,por ejemplo, en las consolas de comandos

Para añadir una ruta a la variable $PATH podemos editar el archivo profile que se encuentra en /etc
Pero si abrimos este archivo /etc/profile nos encontramos el siguiente aviso:

# PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE /etc/profile. There are chances that your changes
# will be lost during system upgrades. Instead use /etc/profile.local for
# your local settings, favourite global aliases, VISUAL and EDITOR
# variables, etc ...

Es decir, para añadir nuestras rutas personalizadas nos aconsejan usar el archivo local /etc/profile.local en vez del archivo general profile.

Por tanto abriremos el archivo /etc/profile.local con un editor de texto e insertaremos la siguiente linea al final del archivo:

export PATH=$PATH:/nuevodirectorio

donde /nuevodirectorio es el nombre de la ruta completa que queramos añadir al path. Guardamos y cerramos el archivo para que el sistema utilice la nueva ruta.

(Puedes ver el valor de las variables $PATH o $HOME tecleando echo $PATH, o echo $HOME. Ten en cuenta que el usuario root usa una variable $PATH distinta al resto de usuarios.

How to create a transparent color from a solid color using GIMP?

As I built the web I found necessary to change the solid color from an image into the transparent color. This way I could use my image with all kind of background colors.
How can we change the solid color from an image into the transparent color using the GIMP program from Linux?

First of all we will open the file with the GIMP and we will choose the area that we want to change (for example we may choose the solid color with
TOOLS-> Selection Tools -> Choosing Colors )

Once we have a mask with the desired area, we will right click in the image and choose
LAYER -> Transparency -> “Add Alfa Channel”.
Now we can choose the Eraser Tool and drag it through our image. The masked area will show the gray rectangles that identify the transparent color.

Note: It is important to save the file with a format that allows transparency, like PNG or GIFs (the JPEG for example don't allow it).

Labtec® webcam pro: Drivers for Linux

Labtec® webcam pro: Drivers for Linux

In http://www.linux.com/howtos/Webcam-HOWTO/devices.shtml you can find the following information about webcam drivers for linux, and specifically for the Labtec® webcam pro.

"4. Specific Webcam Models

Note that this information is frequently changing. The Linux-USB Device Overview site is a great place to look if you have a USB webcam. Also, you will want to check for your model's homepage at http://www.exploits.org/v4l/. The information compiled below on specific webcam models is from the same source, so you may find more up-to-date information through the previous link. If you can't find an entry for your particular hardware, you can find links to resources on how to write your own driver!

It is important to note that if your camera isn't listed, the easiest way to find out if your camera is supported is to find out what chipset is used in its manufacture. This information is usually present in the specifications published in your webcam's manual or on the manufacturer's website.

If you can't find your camera model listed and aren't sure what chipset your camera is made with, you should consider searching and/or subscribing to the video4linux-list mailing list hosted by Redhat."

"4.5. Logitech (formerly Connectix) Quickcam Support

The QuickCam VC USB and parallel port model webcams are supported by the driver offered here. A kernel patch and recompile are necessary for support of this model.

The Quickcam Express Linux project offers two different flavors of driver for certain Quickcam models, both of which are stand-alone drivers that do not require a kernel patch or recompile. The qce-ga and qc-usb drivers support the following models:

*

Logitech Quickcam Express
*

Quickcam Web
*

Legocam
*

Dexxa Webcam
*

Labtec Webcam

The qc-usb driver is more experimental but reportedly works better on some models such as the Quickcam Web. See the above links for more information. Note to Redhat users: The qce-ga driver doesn't compile properly using the modified kernel source provided in Redhat 9, but a fix is available here."

SO, we go to http://www.ee.oulu.fi/~tuukkat/quickcam/quickcam.html
to look for a copy of the
Logitech Quickcam QC-USB driver for Linux

In that page we find that there is another specific page for the Labtec Webcam Pro, http://home.tiscali.dk/tomasgc/labtec/.
And there they send us, finally, to http://mxhaard.free.fr/download.html,
where we can download the Spca5xx driver for Linux. This driver gives support to a lot of webcams...

Adding a Directory to the Path in Linux

Adding a Directory to the Path in Linux:

The $PATH environment variable is a list of all directories in which Linux will look for commands, scripts and programs. Linux uses the bash shell.

To add a path we can edit the file profile located in the /etc
But if we open the /etc/profile we will read the next warning:

# PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE /etc/profile. There are chances that your changes
# will be lost during system upgrades. Instead use /etc/profile.local for
# your local settings, favorite global aliases, VISUAL and EDITOR
# variables, etc ...

So, it is better to use the /etc/profile.local to add our personal paths.

So, we will open the /etc/profile.local file and insert the following line at the end of the file:

export PATH=$PATH:/newdirectory

where /newdirectory is the name of the path we want to add. We save and close the file and our new directory will be already in the path.

(You can see the value of $PATH or $HOME by typing echo $PATH, or echo $HOME. Please note that the root user will have a different path than common users.)

--  Chimo (Joaquín Campos Muñoz) http://www.chimo.es  

Personal Finances in Linux

Interesting article about personal expenses that you can read in
http://www.unixreview.com/documents/s=8217/ur0305l/

May 2003
Review: Kapital 1.1, GnuCash 1.8, and Moneydance
by Marcel Gagné

Whenever I talk about financial applications, I experience an overwhelming need to confess. I hate accounting and everything that goes along with that. The only up side I can see to this whole tracking of money is that I get to spend some of it. Oddly enough, that is why accounting packages are important even to people like me — if you like spending money, it helps to collect it and keep track of it as it comes and goes.

So, putting aside my distaste of accounting, I embarked upon an exploration of personal finance accounting packages for Linux. There are actually far more accounting packages available for Linux than you might imagine, but I was looking specifically at personal finance managers. For that reason, I set my sights on three of the more popular packages: GnuCash, Kapital, and Moneydance.

The Contenders

All three packages are more than just electronic checkbook programs. Each package provides a default set of accounts to get you up and running quickly. They all use a familiar register format for entering and displaying account data, as well as a number of stock reports for those accounts. Each lets you create scheduled transactions, pay bills, and write and print checks. And, of course, all three provide filters to import those Quicken QIF files from your old Windows system.

What sets these packages apart is a combination of style and added bonus features. I started out by saying that all three programs were more than just checkbook programs, but at the heart, that is what each must do and do well. In that respect, GnuCash, Kapital, and Moneydance all do a fine job. But I'm getting ahead of myself.

Installation

I won't spend a great deal of time on installation because, quite frankly, there isn't much to it for the most part. The most daunting is probably Gnucash, which requires a substantial number of additional packages in order to properly install. Its list of prerequisites includes the Gtk+, the GNOME libraries, guile, Guppy, slib, G-wrap, and a handful of additional modules and smaller programs. The complete list, along with the core GnuCash package, is available at www.gnucash.org. If you are using Debian, an apt-get will take care of these for you. Mandrake users will find it just as easy with urpmi.

Kapital was a simple RPM download with only one additional library, Korelib, also available from the Kompany's site at www.thekompany.com. Install the two RPMs and you are on your way.

Moneydance (www.moneydance.com) was just as easy. Simply extract the tarred and gzipped bundle to whatever directory you choose (they suggest /usr/local) and run the moneydance executable from there. This is a Java application, so it will run in a number of different environments.

GnuCash is a free download, but Kapital and Moneydance are both commercial packages. That said, you can get copies of both Kapital and Moneydance for testing without having to commit financially.

It's All About Accounts

With all three packages installed and running, I steeled my resolve and prepared to face one of my great nightmares — the entering of financial information. I created a mythical bank and account, then started entering data, using the same information for each. Aside from my bank account, I created VISA and MasterCard accounts as well.

Then I started spending.

Working with the new GnuCash

On first meeting, GnuCash will provide you with an opportunity to create a new set of accounts, import your Quicken QIF file, or start the tutorial. Since I wanted to just jump into the action (and had no previous Quicken installation), I went ahead and created a new set of accounts. The New Account Hierarchy Setup druid appears and a small question and answer session follows.

On subsequent startups, GnuCash presents you with an overview screen of assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and equity. Each of these categories can be expanded with a click on the plus sign beside the name to reveal further subcategories. For instance, my bank account is filed under current assets, part of the main assets category. While this is a logical way to view your table of accounts, I didn't enjoy having to dig down into my day-to-day accounts (namely my checking account) each and every time I started the program.

That said, entering information into your account register follows a classic check book motif and transactions can be entered directly into the register. Any current or past transaction can also be automated — select the entry and click Schedule. A report on your current account is one click away via a handy button on the toolbar. From the screen report, you can also click on any amount displayed and you'll be instantly transported to that entry in the register.

Speaking of reports, GnuCash has many and they are very flexible, but without any fancy pie and bar charts. This is strictly text. There's an easy-to-use transaction finder, a mortgage and loan repayment calculator but, as yet, no budgeting feature. You can even do online banking with institutions using the open financial exchange protocol (OFX — www.ofx.net).

The latest version of GnuCash is actually something more than strictly a personal finance manager. Some of the things that set GnuCash apart will appeal to the real accountants out there, as opposed to the accounting-fearful-pulling-teeth types like your humble reviewer. For instance, GnuCash users have access to a full general ledger, and account registers can be run in the classic double-entry style — this isn't the default, but is easily turned on via the Preferences menu (under Register). It also includes some small business capabilities such as customer and vendor tracking, invoicing and bill payment, taxes, and billing. Small offices with more than one person entering information will love the fact that it can be set up in a multi-user environment using a PostgreSQL database backend.

That's Kapital

Kapital's first dialogue with the user is a request for a filename in which to store your personal financial information. Given that this is a KDE application, it brings up the familiar KDE file manager dialogue. Simply choose a directory, select a filename (I used myfinances), which will then be saved with a .tkk extension. A dialogue will appear offering you a set of default accounts best suited to your lifestyle. By default, you take the standard accounts, then check off married, married with children, or homeowners for a more likely setup. I chose all but that part about children. Then, I created my bank and credit card accounts.

Default currencies just make sense to me. It's not a big deal to define your currency whenever you create a new account, but I shouldn't have to. Kapital asked me with every account I created, the only package in this group to do so. Furthermore, there was no way to change the setting under the "Configure" options.

Each time Kapital starts, it opens to your default account, presented in the classic check book register style. Over to the right, a sidebar provides quick access to other accounts and credit cards. Beneath the second, "My Finances" button, you are one click away from Kapital's other major functions, transaction finder, check writer, report tool, as well as an address book.

Data entry is quite nice and done directly in the register. There's a drop-down calendar accessible by clicking a small icon to the right of the date field, but the calendar didn't always display properly. I found that by clicking it on and off a couple of times, it would reappear. Clicking on a day in the calendar would also lock in the redraw. It's an annoyance, but certainly not a show-stopper. Payees are memorized so that next time you enter a name, your initial keystrokes will auto-fill the rest of the name. You can also select the payee from a drop-down list. When you enter your balance in Kapital, a small calculator drops down from the input field, allowing you to enter the amount directly, or perform whatever calculation was necessary for you to come up with the numbers. It is also possible to create a split transaction with the touch of a button.

The transaction finder is well designed and relatively easy to use. Looking for transactions based on date and amounts was a breeze. On the other side, it took me a few tries when I wanted to find an entry based on description, because I needed to click the "Regular Expression" checkbox. Reports are clean and easy to use, although the number of reports and the ability to customize them is quite limited at this time.

All told, there's a lot to like about Kapital. Of the three reviewed here, it has the nicest, cleanest interface by far. What's wrong with Kapital is mostly what's missing. There are a number of enhancements promised, including budgeting and check design to name a few, that are supposed to be in the final release. It would have been nice to get a glimpse of it in the download. That said, this is is a package I will certainly want to look at again.

Moneydance 2003

Once you have extracted the gzipped and tarred Moneydance file, you can actually run the moneydance executable from the distribution directory.

With Moneydance's first start, you are given the opportunity to create a new set of accounts, open an existing file, or import your Quicken QIF file. Since I was starting from scratch, I opted for the default set of accounts and selected the Canadian dollar as my base currency.

When Moneydance opened up to its default screen, I was immediately impressed. The layout, while not as pretty as Kapital's QT-based display, is nevertheless beautiful in its promise of usefulness. My default accounts were visible, along with a running total of my net worth ($0.00 at this point), a calendar of events and a list of international currencies and their exchange rates. That last point would have been far more exciting if Moneydance had a way to download the current rates. You have to enter this information yourself.

Entering transactions is also based on the check book metaphor. Fill out the payee, the account from which the money is coming, the date, any comment you wish to make, and the amount. Press the Record button and move on. If this is going to be a recurring transaction, click the Memorize button instead. I found the memorize transaction dialogue particularly well designed and flexible.

Moneydance is an accomplished package with many features. It has a nice loan calculator, a budget manager, and an addressbook (though not as extensive as Kapital's). The transaction finder is easy to use and the reports are many and flexible with quick, color bar and pie charts only a click away.

I experienced only minor problems. During one of my sessions, I found that as long as I worked in the Moneydance window, all was well. As soon as I switched to another desktop and came back, I was looking at a blank gray rectangle so there may be some oddball redraw issues. Closing down Moneydance and restarting it seemed to clear up whatever problem might have existed. All told, a pretty minor glitch in an otherwise fine package.

Conclusion

For out-and-out looks, I have to say that Kapital looks much better than GnuCash, partly due to the fact that Kapital uses the somewhat more polished-looking QT. Moneydance is also a very nice-looking package, and quite refined in both presentation and features, though not up to Kapital's polish. Users coming from the Windows world will probably find that Moneydance makes for an easier transition, although Kapital isn't far behind. Moneydance has great reporting and easily generated graphs so you can see how much (or little) you have in glorious color. GnuCash, for all its capabilities, will require some getting used to both in terms of installation and learning curve.

Final recommendations? For casual home use, I would suggest that you look at Moneydance, particularly if you are used to packages like Quicken. Kapital shows a lot of promise and may well turn out to be the star of the home show, but for now, it is still incomplete. If you are looking for something that can run your small business, be prepared for a little less friendliness and set your sights on GnuCash.

How much will these packages set you back? In some ways, it seems almost unfair to compare these three. While all three packages are capable personal finance and accounting packages, GnuCash has been growing beyond the boundaries of that description, offering some functions that are suited to running the accounting needs of small businesses. Consequently, in this arena, GnuCash has a price that just can't be beat. It's free for the download. Kapital sells a preview version at $24.95 for the download version (for which you will also be able to download the 1.1.0 version when it is released). After the 1.1.0 release, the download price jumps to $39.95. The boxed set is $29.95 ($49.95 after the 1.1.0 release). Moneydance is available for $29.95.

Marcel Gagné lives in Mississauga, Ontario. He is the author of Linux System Administration: A User's Guide from Addison Wesley and has just completed his latest book , Moving to Linux: Kiss the Blue Screen of Death Goodbye (available in August). In real life, he is president of Salmar Consulting Inc., a systems integration and network consulting firm. He loves Linux and all flavors of UNIX and will even admit it in public. He can be reached via email at mggagne@salmar.com. You can discover lots of other things from his Web site at http://www.marcelgagne.com/.
Copyright © 2005 UnixReview.com, UnixReview.com's Privacy Policy. Comments about the Web site: webmaster@unixreview.com

¿Como crear color transparente en el gimp?

Para realizar mi web tuve la necesidad de cambiar el color blanco de una imagen al color transparente, para que así se fundiese con el color de fondo de la página.
¿Cómo podemos cambiar con el programa GIMP de Linux un color sólido al color transparente?

Lo primero que haremos será abrir la imagen con GIMP y seleccionar la zona que queramos poner transparente (por ejemplo eligiendo colores sólidos con la herramienta
HERRAMIENTAS-> Herramientas de Selección -> Por Selección de Colores )

Una vez que tengamos ya una máscara con la zona escogida, haremos botón derecho sobre la imagen y escogeremos
CAPA -> Transparencia -> “Añadir canal alfa”.
Ahora ya solo falta seleccionar la herramienta goma de borrar y arrastrar el raton por la imagen. Nuestra máscara irá mostrando los cuadrados que corresponden al color transparente.

Nota que he leido en otras webs: A la hora de guardar el archivo siempre hay que tener presente que hay que seleccionar un formato que permita tener transparencias como PNG o GIFs, los JPEG por ejemplo no lo permiten. Lo mejor es guardar siempre el archivo original en el formato Gimp XCF, ya que este conservará todo… transparencias, capas, etc…

How can a non-root user mount and unmount discs?

How can a non-root user mount and unmount discs?

Most mount commands support the users option. If you make an entry such as the following in /etc/fstab:

/dev/sbpcd /mnt/cdrom iso9660 users,noauto,ro

then an ordinary user will be allowed to mount and unmount the drive using these commands:

% mount /mnt/cdrom
% umount /mnt/cdrom

By default the disc will be mounted with some options that help enforce security (e.g. programs cannot executed, device files are ignored). If this is too restrictive you can use additional options (e.g. the "exec" option will enable execution or programs). See the mount man page for details.

Another method is to get the usermount package which allows non-root users to mount and unmount removable devices such as floppies and CD-ROMs, but restricts access to other devices (such as hard disk partitions). It is available on major archive sites.

Yet another option is to use the sudo program which allows users to run selective programs with root privileges.